Deaf culture. This paper contains answers for two questions about Deaf Essay

Deaf culture. This paper contains answers for two questions about Deaf Again Book - Essay Example Even though he faced all of these problems and difficulties, he was not able to stand up for himself. The reason for that was the unfavorable attitude of his grandparents, hearing relatives, and medical professionals toward his deafness, which in turn contributed to solidification of deafness as a bad thing in his consciousness. Thus he failed to defend himself. Moreover, the other reason for this was that he never thought that he was treated unfairly just because he was deaf. Therefore, he believed if he wasn’t able to grasp what was going on in the Hebrew School, this should have been his fault. 2- Mark confronted several important issues during this part of his life. Pick one issue you find distributing and/or thought provoking then explain in several sentences how this particular one affected you. From my standpoint, the educational options for deaf children were the most important issue that might negatively affected the lives of deaf individuals. In chapter five, the author described his experience of attending the Germantow Friends School, which was a huge school with about nine hundred students. Furthermore, he indicated to the deep pain when he felt isolated among hearing students; he wasn’t even able to understand conversations around him. He also pointed out on the frustrating experience and how difficult it was for him to make a friendship with hearing students and read or grasp others’ lips. He explained the feeling of loneliness because he could not communicate easily with his classmates and teachers. In addition, he described his disappointment when his teacher asked him to wear his hearing aids and sit in the front. Actually all these feelings of pain, frustration, and isolation strongly affected me. Especially when the author described his impressio n about the time he spent at the Germantow Friends School†I was often like a fish out of water.† (Drolsbaugh, 1997, p.43). This quotation makes me feel his fear of being powerlessness,

Vivisection and whether it should be morally accepted for the benefits of human beings

Vivisection and whether it should be morally accepted for the benefits of human beings Research topic: Vivisection and whether it should be morally accepted for the benefits of human beings. This report attempts to prove that vivisection should be morally accepted by the society. In essence, the report touches on the importance of vivisection in medicine and other non-medicine products too. It is stated that vivisection had save many lives. This has been done through organ transplantation. Our understanding about animals had also been improved. Animal experimentation also benefits the medicine area when new vaccine and treatment is discovered. This has helped to provide better understanding of our body system. Lastly, vivisection is required for the safety trials of non-medicinal product to avoid any defects. Animals such as non-rodents are needed as using human as subject of experimentation is considered an immoral act. Ask the experimenters why they experiment on animals, and the answer is because the animals are like us. Ask the experimenters why is it morally okay to experiment on animals, and the answer is because the animals are not like us. Animal experimentation rests on a logical contradiction. (Charles L. Magel, n.d) We, human are afraid of everything. We are afraid of uncertainty and a lot of experiences from the past are not forgotten. There was a lot of human dying for the wrong reasons. We went to the hospital to find a cure instead the cure becomes a poison.   Now is the time where animal testing come in. Animal testing or often called vivisection is a process of testing new products and medicines on animals for the benefit of human beings. In United Kingdom, the Medicines Act of 1986 declares that all medicines have to be tested on at least 2 mammals and one of them must be non-rodent (Shandilya, 2008).   This act was introduced when the Thalidomide drug was discovered to cause serious physical deformities in babies born to the mother who had taken it during pregnancy. This problem happen as Thalidomide was not tested on animals (specifically pregnant animals) before. Since then, many countries had followed the lead of United Kingdom and enforced the law on animal testing. Before a prod uct are commercializes, it has to be tested on any animals that have the closest DNA with human. A long process involving animal, in-vitro (i.e. in test tube) and using computer program take place before a products can be offered to consumer (Shandilya, 2008). Most drug authorities have to pass all of this before a trial can be conducted on human. Unfortunately, in order to provide the best things for human beings, we have to hurt the animals. When vivisection is carried out, animals have to suffer in order for the scientist to monitor the effects that might occur. In cosmetics; specifically for eye mascara, it had to be tested on rabbits eyes. Morally, it is very cruel to do that and let the animal suffer. However, this cruel act is needed to make sure that there is no side effect of applying mascara on our [human being] eyes. In pharmaceutical industry, finding cure and vaccine for AIDS has become a very important goal to achieve. A lot of animals had to be sacrificed but sooner or later, we will find it. This has been proven by history when we had finally succeeded in finding vaccines for life threatening diseases such as rabies, Hepatitis B and Herpes Simplex (Shandilya, 2008). The journey to find the cure or vaccine for many fatal diseases which involves torturing the animals had cause the NGO such as PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) to take actions. Members of PETA had been fighting against animal testing since new research methods such as computer models, human studies and cell cultures had been invented.   They feel that all of these methods are more humane and accurate than animal testing. This view had been opposed by scientists and researchers as majority of them are saying that animal testing is the best way to detect any flaws in products and medicines. We can see very clearly that there are many strong opinions and thought on the subject of animal testing. The main question is that should vivisection be morally acceptable to develop products and medicines that will benefit human beings? When we look closer into this, we can see that vivisection should be morally accepted. This will bring a lot more benefits for us, human beings and the animals too. This has been proven when heart worm medication has been formulated by researching on animals and until now, it had reduced the number of death of dogs. Research on animals had also provided better understanding on cat nutrition and the reasons on why cat had been healthier and live longer are better understood. This report will show convincing evidence of why animal testing should be morally acceptable to develop products and medicines for human beings. The research findings are narrowed to the Asian country and United States of America as this two are the advanced leader on producing products and medicines in the world. 2.0 Vivisection saves many lives. It is scientifically proven that animal testing had save many life. Testing household compounds, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products has been a common practice for a very long time. It is estimated that nearly 20 million animals are used for animal experimentation purposes, 15 million are tested for medication and 10 million are tested for other products (Shandilya, 2008). A lot of time is required to develop product and vaccines. The pressure to find cure for HIV infection is overwhelming as this disease is increasing day by day. To find the effective drugs and vaccine has been proven difficult as HIV is very good at changing its structure and evading destruction. In reality, scientists are able to test thousand of different vaccine in human participants. By doing this method, we can see directly whether there are any cures, treats or vaccine to be found (Shandilya, 2008). However, these actions would be highly time-consuming and dangerous to human. This is because all of these compounds may not be effective and cause sickness or death. Animals are the best substitutes as we have to focus on reducing human pain first. Despite the fact that the prevention of animal suffering and death is still important, but it is still secondary to human pain. 2.1 Organ transplantation.   When each one of our family members is hale and hearty, we will find that it is very difficult for us as to why the innocent animals are used for testing purposes that will results in killing them. But, it will usually start to make sense when someone in the family or our own self starts suffering fatal diseases. This is when animal testing came handy. Testing on animals had help discovered a lot of life threatening diseases including rabies and malaria (Shandilya, 2008). One of the major finding of vivisection is organ transplantation. Skin, corneas and various other internal organs can now be safely transferred to others patient in need.   Without the knowledge of transplantation immunology in biology, this procedure could never be declared as a safe and standard procedure now, (Harvard style, 1988). Nowadays, more than 30,000 Americans have undergone heart and liver transplantation and they survived. There are some that had retained their sight because of cornea transplant. During the World War 2, the treatment for burn victims had become very important and British biologist P. B. Medawar (1944) had found a way to do skin transplantation. He had used the Freemantin cattle as his models. A Freemantin is a sexually developed female cow that is born as a twin of a normal male cow. Thus, the hormones from the male cow reached through the placental vessel and make its sterile. This experimentation had showed that the skin and other tissues of the female and male Freemantin twins will produce success result at any stage of their lives. They were suitable for each other as they had been exposed with each others cells since they were born.   Moreover, animal testing had helped us to know more about virus related to organ transplantation rejection (Harvard Style, 1988). This discovery had signalled a new era in immune system with wide results for the sake of health in treatment of diseases not for human and animals too. 2.2 Better understanding of animals. We can prove that animal testing benefits not only human but animals too. When the research is conducted in the veterinary schools and other institutions, it proved that animals too gain benefit from the research. Research on animal farms had discovered way to increase productivity and quality of the animals product. Simultaneously, researchers had also found a way to reduce the sufferings and increase the health of the animals. The cure for some lethal disease on animals had also been found. One of the examples is the cure for Potomac fever in horses (Harvard Style, 1988). Research that is aimed on human can also help in finding vaccine for animals. While finding a cure for human beings, a host of antibiotics and vaccine had been found applicable for animals too (Harvard Style, 1988). The major benefits of vivisection on animals are that it helped in reproduction of the endangered species. The abilities to eliminate parasitism to treat illnesses and the usage of anaesthetic had improved the health and survival of many species. The knowledge gained from genetic studies has allowed appropriate management of species that are facing extinction. Research in successful breeding had reduced the need for importation of many species especially monkeys (Harvard Style, 1988).   This can be confirmed when the amount of primates used in research had had increased from 2198 in year 1973 to 7908 births in year 1984 (Harvard Style, 1988).   Vivisection is a waste of money. To do a research on animals is not cheap. People that are against animal testing are saying that instead of using animals, we should spend all this money on technology. Nowadays, there are computer that can demonstrate the human cell reaction (Dixon, 2000). But this entire test cannot monitor the reaction of the medication or products on animals. This is a problem as we cannot figure how the animals and we will react toward those medications. What we can learn from the past is that animal experimentation had helped us to advance faster in medicine and that live animals are the most reliable subjects for toxicity test. In country such as United States, all prescription drugs must be tested on animals before they are allowed into the market (Dixon, 2000). If animals testing are banned, it would paralyse modern medicine, increase human suffering and endanger human health. It is clearly proven that animal testing had contributed many information and benefits to the medicine area. This information had helped humanity survived and live longer. Vivisection had indirectly helped to improve human health. 3.1 New vaccines and treatment are discovered. Animal experimentation had started long time ago. Since then, many new vaccines have been discovered. One of the greatest discoveries is the cure for Polio. Polio is a contagious disease that had killed many people around the world since the ancient times. It is a dangerous disease and its most widespread outbreak occurred in the first half of the 1900s. In 1995, Jonas Salk had found the vaccines to prevent and cure polio (Harvard Style, 2000). This vaccine was found through animal testing. Rhesus monkey is used as the subject for the study of polio. The two researchers, Landsteiner and Popper proved that when the injection of spinal cord fluid from patients that are suffering from polio is inserted to the animals, it would paralyze them (Harvard Style, 1988). Researcher had come across the good solution when they decided that they have to immunize the animals first to protect them from the disease which in this case is polio. The Rhesus monkey was injected with polio virus and then a formalin-inactivated virus in injected to their infected brain suspensions. This will set the body to produce a modified live virus. This virus can be used for mass production of polio vaccines (Harvard Style, 1988). We can see that, experiment on Rhesus monkey had contributed a lot since many lives is safe since that. The use of monkeys had decreased considerably but it is still used sometimes to test the capacity of the virus to cause disease in our nervous system. 3.2 Help understand more about human system. Previously in surgery many mistakes that had caused fatality can be avoided. Vivisection had helped us to understand more about our system.   Charles Sherrington had studied on our reflex actions and he had done that by experimenting on cats. This test had been continued by Eccles who had explained in great details on how our central nervous system works (Harvard Style, 1988). At present, our surgeons can remove brain tumours with least damage to our motor system. This precious thing had happen through the research of Sherrington (Harvard Style, 1988). Basic research on animal are needed to find out ways to keep human and animal alive. It is extremely important to find out how the different organ and tissue in our body react towards any disease and even vaccines. In the past year, animal experimentation is needed to find out about our heart, kidney and renal system. Now, it has to be continued as there are a lot more to be discovered and this includes our brain. The brain is so far the most mysterious organs in our body and there are a lot more that we do not know about it. Thus, vivisection has to be continued as finding the essential information is the most important actions now to help find new medicine. Animals are different from people. People that are against animal testing stated that it is impossible for us to find   neither cure nor vaccine through animal testing as animals are very different from us. However, mammals are descended from common ancestors and we are biologically same with them. By saying same is that we have the same organs such as heart, liver and kidney. These organs worked the same ways as our which is through bloodstream and nervous system.   We cannot deny that there are minor differences between animals and animals but our similarities are much more than that. These differences may help us to overcome and find new cure. It is also proven that vitamins worked the same way in animals as they do in people (Harvard Style, 2000). When a research on guinea pig was conducted, we had discovered on how vitamin C works. There are also some animal hormones that can be used on human. One of them is thyrotropin from cows (Harvard Style, 2000). Laboratory animals are not only used for medication purposes. They are also necessary in accessing the safety of household products, workplace chemicals, food addictive and cosmetics products. A product without any testing is considered dangerous as we cannot identify the side effects of them. There are some agencies that are monitoring the quality of products and this includes Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA monitors the safety testing process for drugs, vaccine, food addictive and cosmetics. Some others agencies including Consumer Products Safety Commission and the Environmental Protection Agency monitor the other types of testing (ILAR, 2004). 4.1 Defects and bad effect is avoidable. Without safety trial, a lot of bad consequences can happen. In 1933, a mascara brand called Lash Lure had caused more than one dozen women to become blind and one of them died. This permanent mascara contains a chemical called p-phenylenediamine which has never been through a safety trial before (ILAR, 2004). This chemical caused the users eye to become badly blistered, produces ulcers on the face, eye and eyelids thus cause blindness for majority of them. One woman had developed a bad infections and she had died because of it. Here we can see that, an untested chemicals used only in mascara can cause such a devastating effect. There are numerous products that we used every day and to not test them is like killing our own body. To use a product without knowing the side effects is suicidal. This is where animal safety test come in. Agencies including the FDA require all cosmetics products such as makeup, shampoos, soaps, hair sprays and dyes and shaving cream to be tested first before it is released (ILAR, 2004). All manufacturers have to prove the safety of their products before it can be sold. We can see that it is crucial to have a safety trial as the effects can be so serious and lethal. 4.2 It is immoral to use human as subject. So far, we do not discover any close substitute of human. It is not possible for us to use human as the subject of a safety trial. There are too many risks and there are also millions of possibilities of defects on new products. To use human and let them suffer pains is beyond acceptance. Human are too scared of risks and death. Even though there are other alternatives than using animals especially primates as subject, these could not yet replace testing on these primates.   There is one procedure called micro dosing where human beings were given a small dose of chemicals to see how the body will react towards the chemicals but these chemicals must undergo a toxic test using animals first before it can be done (Harvard Styles ,2009).   Therefore, this procedure cannot replace animal testing completely. The most suitable subject for safety trial is monkeys and apes as they have the closest DNA match to us. Normally, safety trials for non-medical products use animals such as rabbits and mice. They are used to identify the outcome of new chemicals tested. Rabbits are sometimes used to test a new mascara product. This is required to make sure that there will be no flaw in the products. Animal testing is not required as there are other alternatives. Anti vivisections are saying that animal experimenting is not needed as there are many alternatives around such as computer modelling. There is also synthetic skin called Corrositex. However, this alternative seems impossible as we cannot reproduce complex diseases in cell culture or make the computer cough. We cannot even monitor a beating heart in a test-tube (Harvard Styles, 2010). It is also stated by law that animal testing is not required if there are other ways available. Even so, there are situations where using animals as subject is unavoidable. Our living body is so complicated and it is divided into so much part. So we need to understand on how they interact with each other and it is impossible for us to use human as the subject of experimentation. As a conclusion, we can say that vivisection should be morally accepted to develop products and medicines that benefit human beings. This decision was made as it should be based on the arguments given above. Until now, we can say that vivisections are still needed as so far there is no advance technology to replace it yet. A lot more things need to be discovered and the only suitable method available is vivisection. Even though animals have to suffer pain when undergoing experimentation, it is the researchers best interests to make sure that the animals suffer minimum pain. This is because if they were too stressed, the results produced may not be reliable. It is required by law that any animals that suffered excessive pain have to be put down painlessly and immediately. This proved that we, human still have pity and moral value in us. Vivisections have contributed a lot for the benefits of human and animals. It had reduced the risks of human disease and this had substantially increase life expectancy. This is the results of animal experimentation. In the mean time, there are a lot of more that have to be learned. Further studies in such areas as cancer and HIV will continue to require the use of animals. Animal experimentation is recommended as a way to test medicine and products. It is so far the most suitable way to identify any defects on products compared to using human or computer. However, this report recommends further work to: Find ways to reduce the amount of animals used in vivisection and at the same time maximize the information that we can get through it. Discover the new way on how experiments in carried out so that we can reduce the pain of the animals to the minimum. Find more alternative ways so that animals testing can be reduced. Animal testing can be reduced to the minimum level. So, this report recommends further work to: Ban the unnecessary testing such as for cosmetics purposes. Reuse the existing data from the previous research so that new researches do not have to be conducted. Increase the usage of in-vitro in experimentation. This report also recommends further work: Increase the usage of newer scanning techniques such as MRI so that we can monitor the internal organs of humans. Reduce the amount of animal used in science experimentation is school such as frog dissecting. Students should be encouraged to use computer model rather than real animal. The number of mammals used for vivisection should be reduced. 123HelpMe.Com, 2010, Animal Testing Debate viewed on 22nd January 2010, http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id122783> AnimaltestingFacts.com, n.d, Animal Testing Facts, viewed on 22nd January 2010, http://www.animaltestingfacts.zooshare.com/o.html Harvard Style, 1988, Benefits Derived from the Use of Animals on Use of Laboratory Animal in Biomedical and Behavioural Research, National Academy Press, viewed on 3rd August 2010, http://site.ebrary.com/lib/sunway/docprint.action?encrypted=71bac7c3b51976†¦. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), 2004, Safety testing on Science, Medicine and Animals, National Academy Press, viewed on 30th March 2010. Intelligent life On the Web, n.d, Animal Testing viewed on 22nd January 2010, Http://www.buzzle.com/articles/animal-testing/ Ranjan Shandilya (2008), Animal Testing Pros, viewed on 25 January 2010 Scientific Community o Health and Environment Risks, n.d, Non-human Primates in research and safety testing, viewed on 3rd April 2010, http://www.greenfacts.org.com Thomas Dixon, (2000). Animal Experimentation (online), International Debate Education Association, http://www.idebate.org/database/topic_details.php?topicID=7 viewed on 19 January 2010. Understanding Animal Research, 2010, Understanding animal research, viewed on 30th March 2010, http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/homepage

Historic Model Of Science :: essays research papers

The ‘heroic model’ of science is one of the most influential phenomena in history. This surge of value-free knowledge, filled with realism, bold justification, absolute truth and complete objectivity, changed the way in which the world was perceived and how the future would be viewed. The ‘heroic model’ changed the rules and ushered western civilization into a new era, filled with wonderfully shocking scientific surprises. The backlash from the ‘heroic model’ was so powerful that it heavily influenced other subjects, such as history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ‘heroic model’ of science was a phenomenon of the western world, during the Enlightenment. This wonder aided in transforming scientists, philosophers and others among them into cultural heroes. Science became a part of home life, when in previous times science was seen as a threat to religion and thus proclaimed as wrong. Once science became a part of life and began to prove and bluntly say things that the bible and religion could not come near to explaining, it became the basis for fact. The ‘heroic model’ could easily be blamed for the breakdown of the religious-infested societies that plagued the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This became very important to everyone involved, which proved to be more people than expected. The ‘heroic model’ was an opening for scientist and others to express their opinions without the fear of being ostracized and labeled as a blasphemer. These people were no longer look down upon as sinners, against God and religion, yet they were praised for bring truth and secularity to the world. “Facts'; no longer were infested or influenced by religion, the truth was the real truth. “It replaced the fear and anxiety that nature once evoked with hope inspired by an ordered, harmonious, knowable world.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ‘heroic model’ boosted science to a level that nothing else had ever reached or attempted to attain. Science, during the Enlightenment and consequently afterwards, was used to measure the status of a country and their position of power. If a country was not as advance as another country was in the sciences then that country was obviously not civilized and was beneath the other country. Such as, the economy might be used to determine the status or worldly position of a country today that is how science was used during the Age of Enlightenment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The progression of science and the overwhelming success of the ‘heroic model’ not only yanked science to the forefront, but it also influenced and changed the way history was being perceived and studied.

Leagility in supply chain

What is â€Å"leagility† in supply chain design?In a supply chain analysis of an appliance manufacturer, application of leagility concept led to significant benefits of the company's performance.   The company is based in Thailand whose factory is located in capital Bangkok (Banomyong & Supatn).   The current problem of the firm is accumulated in its reverse logistics (e.g. managing returned products) being threefold; namely, excessive transportation costs, damaged products and slow customer response.   The current system requires customers to travel from their homes to the retailer stores where they bought the firm's products.   Retailers will then transport the returned products to the Bangkok factory or in some cases even have to forward first to distribution/ service center before actual repair in Bangkok factory.   When repaired, the products are sent to customers, however, in retail stores only so they have to travel to claim.With the application of leagility, creating service shops in retail stores serve as decoupling points to manage customer demand volatility efficiently.   These services shops will be supplied by Bangkok factory with sufficient parts for the former to address simple defects and needed repairs.   Bangkok factory will only accept complex problems that do not require immediate action.   With the presence of leagility, the reverse logistics of the firm eliminate the three problems cited above.   It is able to prevent excessive transportation because service shops can serve as direct access of customers to Bangkok factory capabilities.   Less travel is required that can prevent damaging the products.   Lastly, customer satisfaction is increased because the response is faster while their need to â€Å"come-back† is minimized due to ready service.Leagility is derived from the word leagile.   The term is first defined by Naylor et al (1999) which means the mixture of lean and agile capabilities in the sup ply chain design.   Managing the decoupling point is the crucial aspect of leagile with the objective of responding to a fluctuating demand at one end and its scheduling on the other.   When strategic decoupling plan is implemented, it is possible to respond to abrupt market needs in an agile way while also carrying an ability to postpone or being lean to achieve efficiency.   De-coupling manages the difference between orders and forecasts.   Leagility is a combination of leanness and agility.The former emphasized on reduction of cost and waste and profit maximization through a level schedule.   The latter is inclined with flexible service and profit maximization through understanding customer requirements efficiently.   Leagility is achieved when these value-creating activities are present; namely, just-in-time (JIT), quality improvement, IT upgrades, lot-size minimization (i.e. less scrap and faster response time), system integration and global optimization.Other autho rs defined leagility as a hybrid strategy between lean and agile supply chain.   Being agile is the use of market knowledge and virtual business to manage fluctuations in demand while leanness is the use of value stream where waste and time are reduced and level schedule is obtained.   In their definition, decoupling point is clearer.   Decoupling point is the part of the supply chain in which customers can interfere and take part through the chain design.The point serves as signal to the firm about demand that can guide the forecasts/ Kanban system.   With the use of decoupling, inventories are managed on a stable level that has cost efficiency implications.   The combined features of agile and lean supply chains led to inherent characteristics of leagile supply chain.   These include volatile and unpredictable market demand, medium productivity variety, short product life cycle, service level customer performance, moderate profit margins, dominant physical and marketab ility costs, vendor-managed inventory, essentiality of information and other desirable effects to quality, forecasts, lead time and other costs (O'Brien 2005).Leagility application to USMCIN USMC, information technology is used to improve the supply chain management.   IT is deemed essential in leagile design and USMC has addressed this issue.   Assuming that SAP NetWeave enables information sharing across different functions in the supply chain, the organization can stabilize leagile framework through its IT.   However, the investment in IT must not be too high because funds are required in creating decoupling points systems and resources.   It should be noted that agile supply chain will not be acquired by USMC rather leagile and this makes IT non-obligatory.Further, IT may have intensified the ability of USMC in integrating information and resources to armed forces and suppliers of other countries.   Adoption of leagility can provide relaxation on the demand in reducing lead time for USMC services as this is not essential to being leagile.   USMC can continue sharing resources with other countries that can result to acquiring the latest technology without the problem against time constraints (e.g. on approval of the cooperating country about the local information).The use of GPS and RFID device in tracking supplies should be minimized since leagility does not confront stock-out penalties especially there are no place for stock-out (RFID Journal).   This means that the advantage of GPS and RFID to provide real-time information about the location of the inventories in the stock room or warehouses are seen less useful.   Further, the cost of such technologies is higher than the common barcode that their use in leagility is sub-optimal.Therefore, barcodes should be revisited.   The use of satellite communications in relation to service provision in a timely manner and also quick response must be maintained.   Leagility does not offer robustn ess while its forecast mechanism requires algorithmic and consultative areas inherent to lean and agile supply chains respectively.   As a result, service provision can be adversely affected when satellites will not feedback real-time events in the area of jurisdiction.The use of rapid logistics is required in leagility.   However, this can be adversely affected as purchasing policy is managed by vendor inventory.   Even with an efficient logistics, a non-cooperative vendor can cause delays of resources delivery and transfer.   In contrast, the rapid logistics can aid in providing products within the concept of leagility.   Leagile products are provided as per customer demand which can increase customer satisfaction by rapid delivery.   In effect, service level is achieved with low cost from USMC due to absence of excessive stocks and inventory spaces.Smart packing is required to be an efficient process because the products carried through a leagile supply chain have sho rt life cycles.   Further, it is also a difficulty that USMC is obliged to produce different packing designs to a medium-scale product differentiation (Smart Packing).   Perhaps, a lean supply chain can better fit smart packing due to long life cycle.   If USMC requires cost efficiency, smart packing should be minimized and funds should be diverted to dominant costs in physical and marketability expenditures.ReferencesBanomyong, R. & Supatn, N. (unknown). Leagility in reverse logistics: a case study of electronic appliance manufacturer [Internet] Available from [Accessed 6 August 2007].O'Brien, V. (2005). Should manufacturing pursue a lean, agile or leagile strategy? [Internet] Available from [Accessed 6 August 2007].Naylor, J., Naim, M. & Berry, D. (1999). Leagility: Integrating the Lean and AgileManufacturing Paradigms in the Total Supply Chain. International Journal Of ProductionEconomics, 62(1), p.2.RFID Journal (unknown). Available from [Accessed 6 August 2007].Smart P acking (unknown). Available from [Accessed 6 August 2007].

Critical Analysis of Sherwood Anderson’s Sopohistication

In the story of â€Å"Sophistication† by Sherwood Anderson there is one character that sticks out as what one would consider a foil, and he is know in this short story as the College Instructor. He is described as dry and a gold digger going after the banker’s daughter. Helen does not really enjoy his company â€Å"she wanted to drive the instructor away† (Anderson 169). She loathed how her mother thought that no man from the town would be worthy of her, or the fortune that would come along with her marriage. Furthermore, she did understand why she could not go after love, but has to go after prestige for her family. He knew that the life of a college instructor could not make him a large amount of money, but he needed a way to fund his studies as a college professor. Also, he never sees himself falling in love with Helen, he even says â€Å"I should marry women with money†, ultimately he is only in it for the money (169). He sees this as an opportunity when he found Helen’s mother wanted her daughter to marry. He thought he has a great opportunity to marry into money. Nevertheless, he never accounted for the wants or feeling of Helen, her wants conflicted with convictions of the college instructor. It could be argued throughout the book that â€Å"He wanted to appear cosmopolitan† (171). Although, this sounded appealing to Helen’s mother, it does not appeal to Helen. She despised the thought of ever being with him, she considered herself a free spirit, not wanting to be held back or told what to do. Proving this, she runs out of her house yelling for George. In her heart she knows that they are the only ones who truly understood each other. Thus, the college instructor is effectively run out of her life after Helen and George go on their silent walk.